A Fuzzy EPQ Model for Non-Instantaneous Deteriorating Items where Production Depends on Demand which is Proportional to Population, Selling Price as well as Advertisement

The inventory system has been drawing more intrigue because this system deals with the decision that minimizes the total average cost or maximizes the total average profit. For any farm, the demand for any items depends upon population, selling price and frequency of advertisement etc. Most of the model, it is assumed that deterioration of any item in inventory starts from the beginning of their production. But in reality, many goods are maintaining their good quality or original condition for some time. So, price discount is availed for defective items. Our target is to calculate the total optimal cost and the optimal inventory level for this inventory model in a crisp and fuzzy environment. Here Holding cost taken as constant and no-shortages are allowed. The cost parameters are considered as Triangular Fuzzy Numbers and to defuzzify the model Signed Distance Method is applied. A numerical example of the optimal solution is given to clarify the model. The changes of different parameters effect on the optimal total cost are presented and sensitivity analysis is given.JEL Classification: C44, Y80, C61Mathematics Subject Classification: 90B0

Multi-objective economic production quantity model for fully backlogged problem where demand depend on some conditions and permissible delay in payment

For any business, inventory system takes a monumental part. Keep this aspect in mind, we formulate multi-objective displayed EPQ model consider with non-instantaneous deteriorating things where production depends on demand and variable demand pattern depends on display self-space, selling price and frequency of advertisement of the item. The customers are more attracted to buy an item by observing self-space, selling price and advertisement. Imperfect materials are now and again come back to providers for a discount or credit. Here price discount is available for deteriorated and defective items. Holding cost varies with time where shortages are allowed and fully backlogged. Fuzzy environment touches the reality instead of the crisp environment. So, we assumed the cost components as Triangular Fuzzy Numbers and Nearest Interval Approximation Method is used to defuzzify the model. Finally, numerical examples as well as  sketches are given to illustrate the model

Is there any difference in efficacy of oral sildenafil therapy in primary vs secondary Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension?

Objective: Oral sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor,is now accepted mode of therapy for symptomatic Pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH).As the pathobiologic mechanisms are different in primary and secondary PAH, we undertook this study to find out any significant difference in efficacy of oral sildenafil therapy in primary versus secondary PAH. Methods: It was an unicentric parallel group longitudinal study. After selection and baseline investigations,all the patients of primary and secondary PAH were given sildenafil in fixed doses (50 mg thrice daily). Study parameters: 1. Distance covered in 6 minute walk test (6MWT), 2.Pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) by trans-thoracic Doppler echocardiography, 3.quality of life (QOL) score assessed by Minnesota living with heart disease questionnaire. At the end of 6 weeks, 6 MWT, PAP, QOL were compared to the baseline value. Results: 42 subjects completed the study.20 subjects had primary PAH and 22 had secondary PAH. Sildenafil therapy was effective in both groups in reducing PAP, increase in distance covered in 6 minute walk and reducing QOL score. Reduction of PAP is significantly more in primary PAH than secondary PAH but no such difference was found in 6 MWT and QOL score. Conclusion: Though lowering of pulmonary arterial pressure in primary PAH is significantly lower than secondary PAH, this is not translated in better symptomatic relief. Key words: primary pulmonary hypertension, secondary pulmonary hypertension, sildenafil, pulmonary arterial pressure, 6 minute walk test

A Fuzzy EPQ Model for Non-Instantaneous Deteriorating Items where Production Depends on Demand which is Proportional to Population, Selling Price as well as Advertisement

The inventory system has been drawing more intrigue because this system deals with the decision that minimizes the total average cost or maximizes the total average profit. For any farm, the demand for any items depends upon population, selling price and frequency of advertisement etc. Most of the model, it is assumed that deterioration of any item in inventory starts from the beginning of their production. But in reality, many goods are maintaining their good quality or original condition for some time. So, price discount is availed for defective items. Our target is to calculate the total optimal cost and the optimal inventory level for this inventory model in a crisp and fuzzy environment. Here Holding cost taken as constant and no-shortages are allowed. The cost parameters are considered as Triangular Fuzzy Numbers and to defuzzify the model Signed Distance Method is applied. A numerical example of the optimal solution is given to clarify the model. The changes of different parameters effect on the optimal total cost are presented and sensitivity analysis is given.JEL Classification: C44, Y80, C61Mathematics Subject Classification: 90B0

Multi-objective economic production quantity model for fully backlogged problem where demand depend on some conditions and permissible delay in payment

For any business, inventory system takes a monumental part. Keep this aspect in mind, we formulate multi-objective displayed EPQ model consider with non-instantaneous deteriorating things where production depends on demand and variable demand pattern depends on display self-space, selling price and frequency of advertisement of the item. The customers are more attracted to buy an item by observing self-space, selling price and advertisement. Imperfect materials are now and again come back to providers for a discount or credit. Here price discount is available for deteriorated and defective items. Holding cost varies with time where shortages are allowed and fully backlogged. Fuzzy environment touches the reality instead of the crisp environment. So, we assumed the cost components as Triangular Fuzzy Numbers and Nearest Interval Approximation Method is used to defuzzify the model. Finally, numerical examples as well as  sketches are given to illustrate the model

Electrochemical Generation of High-Valent Oxo-Manganese Complexes Featuring an Anionic N5 Ligand and Their Role in O―O Bond Formation

Generation of high-valent oxomanganese complexes through controlled removal of protons and electrons from low-valent congeners is a crucial step toward the synthesis of functional analogues of the native oxygen evolving complex (OEC). In-depth studies of the water oxidation activity of such biomimetic compounds help to understand the mechanism of O―O bond formation presumably occurring at the last step of the photosynthetic cycle. Scarce reports of reactive high-valent oxomanganese complexes underscores the impetus for the present work, wherein we report the electrochemical generation of the non-heme oxomanganese(IV) species, [(dpaq)MnIV(O)]+ (2), through a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) process from the hydroxomanganese complex [(dpaq)MnIII(OH)]ClO4 (1). Controlled potential spectroelectrochemical studies of 1 in wet acetonitrile at 1.45 V vs. NHE revealed quantitative formation of 2 within 10 min. The high-valent oxomanganese(IV) transient exhibited remarkable stability and could be reverted to the starting complex (1) by switching the potential to 0.25 V vs. NHE. The formation of 2 via PCET oxidation of 1 demonstrates an alternate pathway for the generation of the oxomanganese(IV) transient (2) without the requirement of redox-inactive metal ions or acid additives as proposed earlier. Theoretical studies predict that one-electron oxidation of [(dpaq)MnIV(O)]+ (2) forms a manganese(V)-oxo (3) species, which can be oxidized further by one-electron to a formally manganese(VI)-oxo transient (4). Theoretical analyses suggest that the first oxidation event (2 to 3) takes place at the metal-based d-orbital whereas, in the second oxidation process (3 to 4), the electron eliminates from an orbital composed of equitable contribution from metal and ligand, leaving a single electron in the quinoline-dominated orbital in the doublet ground spin state of the manganese(VI)-oxo species (4). This mixed metal- ligand (quinoline)-based oxidation is proposed to generate a formally Mn(VI) species (4), a non-heme analogue of the species ‘compound I’, formed in the catalytic cycle of cytochrome P-450. We propose that the highly electrophilic species 4 catches water during cyclic voltammetry experiments and results in O―O bond formation leading to electrocatalytic oxidation of water to hydrogen peroxide

Pulsed Carrier Gas Assisted High-Quality Synthetic 3<i>R</i>‑Phase Sword-like MoS₂: A Versatile Optoelectronic Material

Synthesizing a material with the desired polymorphic phase in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process requires a delicate balance among various thermodynamic variables. Here, we present a methodology to synthesize rhombohedral (3R)-phase MoS2 in a well-defined sword-like geometry having lengths up to 120 μm, uniform width of 2–3 μm and thickness of 3–7 nm by controlling the carrier gas flow dynamics from continuous mode to pulsed mode during the CVD growth process. Characteristic signatures such as high degree of circular dichroism (∼58% at 100 K), distinct evolution of low-frequency Raman peaks and increasing intensity of second harmonic signals with increasing number of layers conclusively establish the 3R-phase of the material. A high value (∼844 pm/V) of second-order susceptibility for few-layer-thick MoS2 swords signifies the potential of MoS2 to serve as an atomically thin nonlinear medium. A field effect mobility of 40 cm2/V-s and Ion/Ioff ratio of ∼106 further confirm the electronic-grade standard of this 3R-phase MoS2. These findings are significant for the development of emerging quantum electronic devices utilizing valley-based physics and nonlinear optical phenomena in layered materials

Abstracts of National Conference on Research and Developments in Material Processing, Modelling and Characterization 2020

This book presents the abstracts of the papers presented to the Online National Conference on Research and Developments in Material Processing, Modelling and Characterization 2020 (RDMPMC-2020) held on 26th and 27th August 2020 organized by the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Science in Association with the Department of Production and Industrial Engineering, National Institute of Technology Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India. Conference Title: National Conference on Research and Developments in Material Processing, Modelling and Characterization 2020Conference Acronym: RDMPMC-2020Conference Date: 26–27 August 2020Conference Location: Online (Virtual Mode)Conference Organizer: Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology JamshedpurCo-organizer: Department of Production and Industrial Engineering, National Institute of Technology Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, IndiaConference Sponsor: TEQIP-